JAMBURA JURNAL ILMU KOMUNIKASI https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi <p><strong>Jambura Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi E-ISSN 3026-2380</strong> mengundang para dosen, mahasiswa, akademisi, maupun praktisi di bidang komunikasi untuk mempublikasikan artikel ilmiah yang berkaitan dengan Ilmu Komunikasi. <strong>Jambura Jurnal Ilmu Komunikasi</strong> terbit selama dua kali setahun, yaitu pada bulan Mei dan November<br />Adapun fokus dari jurnal ini antara lain:</p> <p>1) Komunikasi massa dan jurnalistik<br />2) Kebijakan media<br />3) Hubungan masyarakat (public relations)<br />4) Media massa dan perubahan sosial<br />5) Media massa dan budaya popular<br />6) Komunikasi strategis<br />7) Kajian lain yang masih berkaitan dengan Ilmu Komunikasi</p> <p>Naskah diterbitkan melalui proses peer-review terlebih dahulu. Pada proses tersebut, naskah akan diseleksi terlebih dahulu sesuai dengan focus and scope yang telah ditentukan. Setelah diseleksi pada proses tersebut, selanjutnya naskah akan diserahkan kepada editor untuk dikoreksi dari sudut pandang substansi.<br />Pertanyaan, kritik, dan saran dapat ditanyakan pada alamat email : jpeneilkom@ung.ac.id</p> <p><strong>Alamat : JURUSAN</strong><strong> KOMUNIKASI </strong>Jalan Jenderal Sudirman No. 6 Kota Gorontalo, 96128</p> <p>Kontak : Telepon (0435) 821125 Fax (0435) 821752 Nomor HP 085246097267</p> en-US Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 OJS 3.3.0.12 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 Strategi Manajemen dan Komunikasi Krisis Grand Q Hotel Gorontalo Terhadap Kebijakan Efisiensi Anggaran https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/116 <p>Penelitian ini mengkaji strategi manajemen dan komunikasi krisis yang diterapkan oleh Grand Q Hotel Gorontalo dalam menghadapi kebijakan efisiensi anggaran yang diberlakukan oleh pemerintah melalui Instruksi Presiden No. 1 Tahun 2025. Kebijakan ini mengarah pada pengurangan belanja non-prioritas yang berdampak signifikan pada sektor perhotelan, termasuk penurunan permintaan dari kegiatan MICE (Meeting, Incentive, Convention, Exhibition) dan belanja pemerintah. Dalam konteks ini, komunikasi krisis menjadi sangat penting untuk mengelola persepsi publik dan menjaga stabilitas operasional hotel. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, yang melibatkan wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan analisis dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Grand Q Hotel Gorontalo berhasil menerapkan strategi efisiensi anggaran yang adaptif, termasuk penyesuaian harga, penerapan kebijakan unpaid leave (UL), dan inovasi dalam program pemasaran. Komunikasi yang transparan dan empatik kepada karyawan dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya berperan penting dalam menjaga kepercayaan dan stabilitas internal. Temuan ini memberikan wawasan tentang pentingnya manajemen krisis dan komunikasi yang efektif dalam industri perhotelan, serta rekomendasi praktis bagi manajemen hotel dalam menghadapi tantangan serupa di masa depan.</p> Novia Fitriana Tuela, Aghna Wafiyyatussa’adah Van Gobel Copyright (c) 0 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/116 Mon, 26 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Detik.com, Program Makan Bergizi Gratis Prabowo-Gibran Di Makassar https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/117 <p>This study aims to examine how online media Detik.com presents news about the implementation of the national program "Free Nutritious Meals" proposed by the elected President and Vice President, Prabowo Subianto and Gibran Rakabuming Raka, especially in Makassar City. The method used is descriptive qualitative analysis with the framing model approach from Pan and Kosicki, which includes aspects of syntax, script, theme, and rhetoric in the news structure. The research findings show that Detik.com tends to provide information in a neutral and procedural manner and focuses on administrative aspects and support from institutions, without exploring the views of the community who are direct beneficiaries. The news emphasizes more on the technical implementation of the program, the role of government officials, and cultural elements such as local menu proposals, but does not discuss the evaluation, challenges, or impact of the program on strategic issues such as stunting. This study highlights the importance of the role of the media in shaping the construction of social reality, while also showing the limitations in conveying the diversity of public narratives.</p> Harmin Hatta, Ramansyah, Muhammad Akram Mursalim Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/117 Wed, 07 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Analisis Media Promosi Pariwisata (Studi pada Wisata Permandian Paisu Matube) https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/119 <p>This research aims to analyze the promotional media strategies used in the management of the Paisu Matube hot springs tourism site in Banggai Laut Regency. This tourist attraction has appealing natural potential; however, the low number of domestic visitors indicates that the promotion being carried out is not optimal. This study employs a qualitative approach by examining the roles of the Tourism Office and the Community Awareness Group (Pokdarwis) in utilizing various promotional media, including social media, print media, and electronic media. The results indicate that tourism promotion is predominantly conducted through social media platforms such as Facebook, while print and electronic media are not utilized to their full potential. Therefore, there is a need for the development of more diverse and intensive promotional strategies to increase the interest of local and international tourists. This research contributes theoretically to the field of communication as a tool for tourism promotion and provides practical benefits for tourism managers in optimizing promotional media to boost visitor numbers.</p> Ramansyah, Multia Yusuf, Wira Pratama Rumambie Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/119 Fri, 30 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Persepsi Diaspora Indonesia Terhadap Komunikasi Merek Kota Dubai Melalui Akun Instagram @Visit.Dubai https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/120 <p>Kota Dubai dalam satu dekade terakhir telah menjadi pusat perhatian global sebagai pusat bisnis, hiburan, dan pariwisata di kawasan Timur Tengah. Hal ini mendorong wisatawan internasional untuk berkunjung ke Kota Dubai. Selain wisatawan, Kota Dubai juga menarik minat diaspora dari seluruh dunia, termasuk diaspora Indonesia, untuk menetap di kota ini. Penelitian ini membahas persepsi diaspora Indonesia terhadap komunikasi merek Kota Dubai melalui akun Instagram @visit.dubai. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang bagaimana diaspora Indonesia mempersepsikan komunikasi merek, brand image, branding, dan brand strength Kota Dubai yang disampaikan melalui akun media sosial @visit.dubai. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kualitatif analisis konten media sosial @visit.dubai dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui wawancara, dokumentasi, dan observasi secara mendalam terhadap akun tersebut, Selain itu, peneliti juga menganalisis transkrip dari hasil wawancara dengan diaspora Indonesia untuk mengetahui persepsi mereka terhadap akun @visit.dubai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa menurut persepsi diaspora Indonesia, komunikasi merek Kota Dubai melalui akun Instagram @visit.dubai sudah sangat tepat karena mampu mempresentasikan Kota Dubai sesuai realitas yang dimiliki oleh kota tersebut. Brand image Kota Dubai melalui akun @visit.dubai menurut diaspora Indonesia dinilai ikonik dan paling berkembang dibandingkan kota lain di negara Uni Emirat Arab. Branding Kota Dubai melalui media sosial juga dinilai sangat efektif karena mampu menjangkau audiens secara masif. Kekuatan merek Kota Dubai terlihat dari daya tariknya sebagai destinasi wisata yang aman dan ramah bagi umat Muslim. Kesimpulan dalam penelitian ini yaitu komunikasi merek, brand image, branding, dan brand strength Kota Dubai melalui akun media sosial Instagram @visit.dubai dinilai positif oleh diaspora Indonesia dan mendapat nilai 9 dari diaspora Indonesia dalam penelitian ini, mencerminkan ketertarikan diaspora Indonesia terhadap konten yang disajikan oleh akun Instagram @visit.dubai.</p> Titik Nur Pangesti, Faris Budiman Annas Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/120 Tue, 13 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Representas Diskriminasi Perempuan Jawa Dalam Series Gadis Kretek (Analisis Semiotika Roland Barthes) https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/139 <p>This stydy analyzes the representation of discrimination against the Javanese female character, Dasiyah , in the <em>Gadis Kretek </em>series. What distinguishes this study from others is its focus on discrimination, specifically experienced by Dasiyah as a Javanese woman involved in the <em>kretek </em>(clove cigarette) industry. The primary focus is on how gender-based discrimination is portrayed, particularly toward women parcitipating in the <em>kretek </em>business. The objectives of this research are to describe the signs of discrimination against Javanese women as portrayed through the character Dasiyah, and to analyzes the meanings and myths associated with the image of the “Javanese girl” as represented in the series. This research employs a qualitative approach using Roland Barthes’ semiotic method to uncover the denotative, connotative, and mythological meanings embedded in discriminatory scenes. The findings reveal the restriction of women ‘s roles, negative labeling of women active in public spaces, and the silencing of women’s voices within business inheritance systems. Dasiyah is represented as a figure of resistance to the myth of the Javanese woman through three core Javanese cultural values: <em>Rukun </em>(harmony), <em>Sabar </em>(patience), and <em>Nrimo ing pandum </em>(grateful acceptance). The series serves as a medium of critique against patriarchal culture and traditional gender constructs in Javanese community</p> Nur Alifah Z. Yahya, Noval Sufriyanto Talani, Gita Juniarti Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/139 Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Strategi Komunikasi Persuasif Ustadz Dalam Meningkatkan Motivasi Orang Tua Untuk Belajar Baca Alqur’an Di LPQ Al-Maghfirah Kota Gorontalo https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/141 <p>This study explores the persuasive communication of the ustadz in increasing parents' motivation to learn how to read the Quran. The study utilized a qualitative method with a descriptive approach to explain the data obtained through observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the interactive model developed by Miles and Huberman. The findings indicate that parents’ motivation to learn Qur’an reading stems from both intrinsic and extrinsic motivations. Furthermore, parents’ willingness to participate in the Qur’an reading program at LPQ Al-Maghfirah is attributed to the persuasive approach adopted by the <em>ustadz</em>, which involves stages of capturing attention, generating interest, fostering desire, facilitating decision-making, and encouraging action to join the program. Additionally,the increase in parents’ learning motivation was examined from cognitive, affective, and conative aspects. Therefore, the motivation to learn Qur’an reading can be attributed significantly to the role of the <em>ustadz</em> in persuading parents through various strategies, which effectively enhances their interest in learning</p> Mega Putri Aulia Bakir, Yowan Tamu, La Here Kaharfin Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/141 Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 PENGALAMAN KOMUNIKASI JURNALIS DALAM MELIPUT KASUS KEKERASAN SEKSUAL (Studi Fenomenologi Komunikasi Jurnalis Gorontalo Dalam Meliput Kasus Kekerasan Seksual) https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/140 <p>This study explores journalists’ communication experiences in covering sexual violence cases in Gorontalo. The research was motivated by the complex interactions that arise during the reporting process, encompassing interpersonal, intrapersonal, and mass communication dimensions. The study aimed to describe how journalists in Gorontalo experience, perceive, and manage interactions when reporting on this sensitive issue. A qualitative approach using descriptive phenomenology was employed, involving observation and in-depth interviews with six journalists selected through purposive sampling. The findings reveal that journalists face professional, ethical, and emotional challenges, especially when dealing with child victims. In practice, journalists adopt empathetic and cautious approaches to protect victims' privacy and build trust. External pressures, such as from the police or victims' families, also influence the reporting process. The study concludes that journalists’ experiences in covering sexual violence in Gorontalo involve complex ethical, emotional, and professional challenges, demanding empathy, caution, and social responsibility in communication. These findings highlight the need for training programs for journalists focused on empathetic communication, journalistic ethics, and emotional pressure management. Media outlets must also establish victim-centered reporting guidelines, thus, journalists are not only conveyors of information but also agents of social change who uphold victims’ dignity and raise public awareness.</p> novita kiraman, Sumarjo, Ramansyah Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/140 Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Analisis Semiotika pada Strategi Persuasif Iklan Judi Online di Youtube Channel PlayOjo https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/145 <p>The development of digital technology has driven a significant transformation in the advertising world, including the promotion of online gambling advertisements. This &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;advertisements not only convey product but also construct certain meanings and myths thats influence how audiences perceive gambling practices. The research gap addresses in the research is the lack of semiotic analysis that specifically explores symbols and persuasive strategies. This research aims to analyze the visual symbols, persuasive meanings, and strategies used in online gambling advertisements on the PlayOJO YouTube channel. This research employs a qualitative approach using Roland Baerthes’ semiotic analysis, which includes the identification of sign, denotative meaning, connotative meaning, and myth formation. The results indicate that PlayOJO advertisements utilize symbols such as bright lights, joyful character expressions, vibrant colors, and narratives of winning to construct the myth that online gambling is a pleasurable activity that can bring luck and happines. These advertisements instill the idea that online gambling is a quick and enjoyable path to happines. In conclusion, the persuasive strategy in these advertisements operates subtly trough the peripheral route, emphasizing visual and emotional impression rather than logical argumentation. The implications of this research highlight the need for critical awareness of digital advertising messages that can influence attitudes and behaviors, as well as the urgency for stricter regulation of gambling advertisements on social media platforms.</p> Nur Izatul Amin, Noval Sufriyanto Talani, Muhamad Akram Mursalim Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/145 Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Hambatan Komunikasi Dalam Pembelajaran Membaca Alquran Bagi Penyandang Tunarungu https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/142 <p>The ability to read the Quran is an essential aspect of Islamic religious education, including for students with hearing impairments who experience limitations in hearing and speaking. This study aims to identify communication barriers and assess the effectiveness of sign language use in Quran reading instruction for students with hearing impairments at the Hellen Wimberty Deaf Foundation in Gorontalo City. This study uses a qualitative approach with data collected through observation and interviews with five informants, including volunteer teachers and deaf students. The findings reveal several main barriers in the learning process, primarily stemming from differences in sign language systems. The first barrier is that the teacher uses BISINDO (<em>Bahasa Isyarat Indonesia</em> or Indonesian Sign Language), while the students use SIBI (<em>Sistem Isyarat Bahasa Indonesia</em> or Indonesian Sign System), which leads to misunderstandings. The second barrier involves psychological factors, such as mood changes that affect learning motivation. Lastly, there are human limitations, such as weak memory retention of sign movements. The foundation of Hellen Wimberty Deaf applies strategies such as using the sign language <em>Juz Amma</em> guide published by the Indonesian Ministry of Religious Affairs and the <em>Iqra’</em> method to practice memorizing hijaiyah letters. Additionally, teachers pay close attention to facial expressions and body posture as important elements of nonverbal communication. This study demonstrates that the use of sign language is effective in helping students with hearing impairments learn to read the Quran, as long as the methods used align with their specific needs. This learning process proves that religious education can be made accessible and inclusive for all, including students with hearing impairments, through appropriate and communicative approaches.</p> Abel cicilia Hala, yowan tamu, Abdul wahab thomas Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/142 Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Analisis Framing Pemberitaan Bunuh Diri Di Media Dulohupa.id https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/147 <p>Suicide reports in the mass media, especially in Gorontalo, are becoming an increasingly important issue. The media needs to be more attentive in reporting the escalation of suicide cases because it affects public perception and response. This study analyzed framing patterns in suicide reporting in the Dulohupa.id media for the January-June 2023 period. 14 of 22 suicide-related stories were selected to be analyzed using a descriptive qualitative approach. The methods applied included framing analysis based on the Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki models, which focused on four analytical structures: syntactic, scripted, thematic, and rhetorical. This approach examined how the media shapes public perception of a sensitive issue through word selection, narrative, and visual presentation. In addition, framing theory and social reality construction were used to explain how the media not only conveys information, but also influences the way people understand and respond to suicide issues. Based on the analysis, Dulohupa.id journalists tried to present news with sensitivity to social and emotional contexts, and avoid sensationalism to prioritize mental health issues as a trigger for suicide. With a close examination of word choice and in-depth narrative, Dulohupa.id contributed to a more objective understanding and increased public awareness of the importance of suicide prevention.</p> Maya Aridi, Sumarjo, Abdul wahab thomas Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/147 Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Tantangan dan Peluang Jurnalisme di Era Kecerdasan Buatan https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/148 <p>The advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has brought significant changes to journalistic practices, including at local media outlets such as TribunGorontalo.com. This study aimed to identify the challenges and opportunities faced by joumalists in applying AI in the newsroom. The rescarch employed a qualitative phenomenological approach and used technological determinism theory as its theoretical foundation, utilizing in-depth interviews and observations. The findings reveal that key challenge sinclude data bias due to algorithm limitations, ethical dilemmas in maintaining originality and information accuracy, Al's limited ability to understand social context, and concerns about threats to the journalism profession. On the other hand, the opportunities offered include improved time efficiency, data automation, faster fact-checking, and replacement, that strengthens journalists 'performance in delivering relevant and accurate information. This study provides new perspectives on how local media adapt to AI technologies and emphasizes the importance of wise editorial policies and ethical awareness in optimizing Al use in joumnalistic practice.</p> Qori'ah Yanter, Sumarjo, Muhamad Akram Mursalim Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/148 Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Representasi Stereotip Tiger Mom dalam Film “Everything Everywhere All at Once” (Analisis Semiotika John Fiske) https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/149 <p>Penelitian ini membahas representasi stereotip <em>Tiger Mom</em> dalam film <em>Everything Everywhere All at Once</em> dengan mengidentifikasi tanda-tanda visual dan naratif yang muncul dalam film. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis semiotika John Fiske. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana stereotip <em>Tiger Mom</em> dikonstruksi dan dikomunikasikan, serta bagaimana ideologi dan budaya berperan dalam pembentukannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa stereotip <em>Tiger Mom</em> disampaikan melalui visual dan narasi yang terstruktur secara sinematik. Karakter Evelyn digambarkan sebagai ibu Asia-Amerika yang keras, perfeksionis, dan penuh tuntutan terhadap anak. Pada level realitas, Evelyn ditampilkan dengan penampilan sederhana, gestur tegas, dan gaya komunikasi otoriter. Pada level representasi, penggunaan teknik sinematik seperti <em>close-up</em>, <em>low angle</em>, dan pencahayaan dramatis memperkuat dominasinya dalam keluarga. Pada level ideologi, terdapat nilai-nilai feminisme. Selain itu, nilai-nilai Konfusianisme seperti hierarki keluarga dan penghormatan kepada orang tua menjadi dasar pola asuh Evelyn. Sebagai perempuan imigran Asia di Amerika, Evelyn menghadapi benturan antara nilai tradisional dan budaya individualistik Barat.</p> Mutiara Nabila Jasin, Noval Sufriyanto Talani, Feni Mariana Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/149 Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Interaksi Sosial dalam Membentuk Julukan Pada Mahasiswi Perokok https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/151 <p>This study analyzes the social interaction process among female student smokers in forming nicknames within the Faculty of Social Sciences at Universitas Negeri Gorontalo. Smoking among female individuals, particularly female students, is often perceived as deviating from prevailing social norms and is frequently subject to negative stigma and labeling. This study employs a descriptive-qualitative method using symbolic interactionism and nicknaming theories to explore the social dynamics involved in nickname formation. The data are collected from six informants, consisting of three female students who actively smoke and three male students from the same circle. The findings show that social interactions among smokers create a safe space and serve as a medium for group identity formation, which also contributes to the emergence of behavior-based nicknames. These nicknames aries through daily interactions, jokes, and social perceptions, which are then internalized as part of the group’s social dynamics. These findings revea that social interaction plays a crucial role in shaping meaning toward deviant behavior and the social identity of individuals within the academic environment.</p> Khalisah Rahmadina Hadju, Citra F.I.L Dano Putri, Feni Mariana Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/151 Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000 Strategi Komunikasi Persuasif Petugas LPKA dalam Program Pembinaan di LPKA Kelas II Gorontalo https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/150 <p>Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh pentingnya pendekatan komunikasi yang efektif dalam proses rehabilitasi anak yang pernah berkonflik dengan hukum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui, menggambarkan, dan mengidentifikasi strategi komunikasi persuasif yang diterapkan oleh petugas di Lembaga Pembinaan Khusus Anak (LPKA) Kelas II Gorontalo dalam program pembinaan dengan menggunakan teori strategi komunikasi persuasif (Melvin De Fleur &amp; Sandra Ball-Rokeach) dan metode penelitian kualitatif serta pendekatan studi kasus melalui observasi, wawancara bersama 5 orang informan yang ditentukan menggunakan teknik <em>purposive sampling</em>, dokumentasi dan studi kepustakaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi komunikasi persuasif petugas LPKA kelas II Gorontalo dilakukan melalui pendekatan emosional, sosial, dan pengetahuan dengan menekankan prinsip dialog dua arah, dan penyesuaian teknik penyampaian sesuai karakter dan kondisi psikologis setiap anak. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menekankan bahwa strategi komunikasi persuasif petugas LPKA Kelas II Gorontalo mencakup pendekatan psikodinamik, sosiokultural, dan konstruksi makna yang berperan penting dalam mendukung program pembinaan dan membentuk perilaku Anak Binaan.</p> Raiqa Razwa Taba, Citra F.I.L Dano Putri, La Here Kaharfin Copyright (c) 2025 https://jik.fis.ung.ac.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/150 Sat, 31 May 2025 00:00:00 +0000